An introduction to the issue of pain an acute mental or emotional discomfort
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Comorbidity Subtypes and specifiers for each disorder. In reading each of these aspects related to a disorder, you will become more adept at using the DSM-5 and display advanced clinical formulation abilities. It is also advisable to carefully read each coding note as well as coding and reporting procedures for each disorder.
As you shift from using the DSM-IV-TR to the DSM-5, remember that the DSM-5 is intended to serve as a practical, functional, and flexible guide for organizing information that can aid in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
The overarching goal of the DSM-5 is to promote diagnostic specificity, treatment sensitivity, and case formulation. I recommend clinicians recognize the limitations of using the DSM-5 in forensic settings.
The manual is not designed for nonclinical professionals and does not meet the technical needs of the courts and legal professionals APA,p.
When using the DSM-5, it is not sufficient to simply check off the symptoms in the diagnostic criteria to make a diagnosis. Proper use of the manual requires clinical training to recognize when signs and symptoms exceed normal ranges.
Some of these newly recordable conditions include: The WHODAS was developed through a collaborative international approach with the aim of developing a single generic instrument for assessing health status and disability across different cultures and settings.
This psychometrically established measure covers 6 domains: Cognition — understanding and communicating Mobility — moving and getting around Self-care — hygiene, dressing, eating and staying alone Getting along — interacting with other people Life activities — domestic responsibilities, leisure, work and school Participation — joining in community activities Clinicians can learn more about the background and appropriate use of the WHODAS by reading pages of the DSM-5 Section III: Using the DSM-5 nonaxial format recording as many coexisting mental disorders, general medical conditions, and other factors as are relevant to the care and treatment of the individual a potential clinical formulation may look as follows: Diagnoses Incorporate sensitivity to age, gender, and culture-specific factors.
Are guidelines for understanding human behaviors. Are not intended to be considered as legal definitions for use by law enforcement and the courts.
Disorders Should not be an expected or culturally sanctioned response to a particular event.
Conflicting values in drug use
Are conditions that people have, but they do not define the person. Are quite often early-life coping or defense mechanisms that are now seen as dysfunctional and causing distress in adult life. Cross-Cutting Symptom Measures and Disorder-Specific Severity Measures Emerging assessment measures are to be administered at the initial interview and used to monitor treatment progress, thus serving to advance the use of initial symptomatic status and reported outcome information APA, The DSM-5 cross-cutting symptom measures aid in a comprehensive assessment by drawing attention to clinical symptoms that manifest, or cut-across diagnoses.
Sleep disturbance is an example of a cross-cutting symptom as it is found in depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, and trauma-related disorders. Cross-cutting assessments are not specific to any particular disorder; rather, they evaluate symptoms of high importance to nearly all clients in most clinical settings.
They are designed to be administered to all clients at the initial evaluation to establish a baseline and on follow-up visits to monitor progress. Level 1 Measures offer a brief screening of 13 domains for adults i. Level 2 Measures provide a more in-depth assessment of elevated Level 1 domains to facilitate differential diagnosis and determine severity of symptom manifestation.
The DSM-5 disorder-specific severity measures correspond closely to the criteria that constitute the disorder definition and are intended to help identify additional areas of inquiry that may guide treatment and prognosis APA, ; Jones, Clinicians can access these no-cost assessment measures at http: The DSM-5 provides clinicians with further information on the background and reasoning for use of these emerging measures in clinical practice APA, pp.
Jones aptly discusses the problems with the DSM-IV-TR classification system, the excessive use of co-occurring disorders, and the excessive use of not otherwise specified categories, while providing a better understanding of the new DSM-5 dimensional and cross-cutting assessment procedures and their implications for clinical utility and user acceptability.
Official adoption of ICDCM is scheduled to take place on October 1,and the codes, which are shown parenthetically in the DSM-5, should not be used until the official implementation occurs.She was discharged by paediatrics with a diagnosis of ‘nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain’ and instructed to follow up as an outpatient.
She was given a diagnosis of depressive disorder, not otherwise specified (NOS) by the psychiatry service, and no acute psychiatric interventions were indicated during the hospitalisation. The mental health community has long recognized that some people have rigid, fixed and very stable dysfunctional personalities that make them hard to get along with, or which interfere with their lives.
It is in relationship that we acquire emotional pain and it is in a different kind of relationship that we can obtain emotional repair.
Good relationship engages both left and right brain. The Pain and Discomfort Scale (PADS; Bodfish et al., ) is a relatively new and not well studied psychometric tool and was used to measure pain and discomfort in a population of patients without expressive verbal ability during routine ultrasonic scaling.
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The PADS has an inter-rater reliability score of Drug use - Social and ethical issues of drug abuse: There are many social and ethical issues surrounding the use and abuse of drugs. These issues are made complex particularly because of conflicting values concerning drug use within modern societies.
Values may be influenced by multiple factors including social, religious, and personal views. Emotional pain is the feelings associated with an emotional trauma either from the past or present. Both physical pain and emotional pain .