What is protein sysnthesis

Diagram showing the process of translation Diagram showing the translation of mRNA and the synthesis of proteins by a ribosome Phenomena of amino acid assembly from RNA. The synthesis of proteins from RNA is known as translation. In eukaryotes, translation occurs in the cytoplasmwhere the ribosomes are located.

The synthesis of proteins takes two steps: Transcription The first step in transcription is the partial unwinding of the DNA molecule so that the portion of DNA that codes for the needed protein can be transcribed.

The new strand of RNA is made according to the rules of base pairing: After transcription, the new RNA strand is released and the two unzipped DNA strands bind together again to form the double helix. Because the DNA template remains unchanged after transcription, it is possible to transcribe another identical molecule of RNA immediately after the first one is complete.

A single gene on a DNA strand can produce enough RNA to make thousands of copies of the same protein in a very short time. Translation In translation, mRNA is sent to the cytoplasm, where it bonds with ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis.

Ribosomes have three important binding sites: At its tail end, tRNA has an acceptor stem that attaches to a specific amino acid. At its head, tRNA has three nucleotides that make up an anticodon. An anticodon pairs complementary nitrogenous bases with mRNA.

The first codon, which is always the start codon methionine, fills the P site and the second codon fills the A site. A peptide bond is formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the methionine in the P site.

One way to remember this is that the A site brings new amino acids to the growing polypeptide at the P site. The appropriate tRNA carrying the appropriate amino acid pairs bases with this new codon in the A site. A peptide bond is formed between the two adjacent amino acids held by tRNA molecules, forming the first two links of a chain.

The ribosome slides again. The tRNA that was in the P site is let go into the cytoplasm, where it will eventually bind with another amino acid. Another tRNA comes to bind with the new codon in the A site, and a peptide bond is formed between the new amino acid to the growing peptide chain.

The process continues until one of the three stop codons enters the A site. At that point, the protein chain connected to the tRNA in the P site is released.QUIZ.

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Muscle protein synthesis is the process of building muscle mass. Muscle protein synthesis is essential for exercise recovery and adaptation.

What Is Protein Synthesis? | initiativeblog.com

As such, it’s . Protein synthesis definition, the process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins through the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, .

Protein Synthesis Summary. Protein synthesis is one of the most fundamental biological processes by which individual cells build their specific proteins.

Within the process are involved both DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and different in their function ribonucleic acids (RNA). Protein synthesis is the process by which new proteins are generated. When the process occur in cells, it is called protein biosynthesis.